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Élie Bloncourt
Élie Bloncourt (May 5, 1896 – March 4, 1978) was a French politician who represented the department of Aisne in the French National Assembly from 1936 to 1946. He was blinded by a shrapnel blast in the First World War and was part of the French resistance movement in World War II.〔〔Noëlline Castagnez-Ruggiu ''Socialistes en République: les parlementaires SFIO de la IVe …'' Page 25 2004 "Élie Bloncourt, aveugle de guerre, ..."〕〔Willy Alante-Lima, Guy Tirolien ''Guy Tirolien: l'homme et l'œuvre'' Page 131 1991 "On parle plutôt d'autres Bloncourt, dont l'un a été député de Paris2 plus tard, c'est-à-dire de Bloncourt l'aveugle, Élie Bloncourt."〕〔''Bulletin de la Société d'histoire de la Guadeloupe'' Issues 149–151, Page 77 Société d'histoire de la Guadeloupe, 2008 "Il n'y a pas trace de brimades analogues pour Élie Bloncourt (métis aussi peu visible que Lémery), aveugle de guerre, élu de La Fère et député SFIO de Laon, qui continue d'arpenter la campagne pour se livrer à ses activités résistantes382."〕〔Jean-Pierre Sainton, ''Rosan Girard: chronique d'une vie politique en Guadeloupe'' Page 399 1993 "Il convient de s'arrêter sur cette remarquable personnalité, aujourd'hui méconnue. Frère cadet de Max Clainville-Bloncourt. Élie Bloncourt, médaillé militaire, grand invalide de guerre, rendu aveugle par un éclat de schrapnell en 14–18"〕 He had a degree in philosophy and worked as a high school teacher, while also being involved in organizational works relating to veterans' affairs, pacifism and politics.
== Early life and World War I ==
Bloncourt was born in Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe into a political family.〔 Melvil-Bloncourt, who was then deceased, was his great-uncle. His father had been a higher functionary but died before Élie was born, leaving his mother to raise Élie and five other siblings. With the help of a grant Élie attended Lycée Carnot in Pointe-à-Pitre, obtaning a baccalauréat in 1913.〔Éric Nadaud (2009) (Élie Bloncourt (1896–1978), une figure du socialisme de gauche unitaire ) Parlement(), ''Revue d'histoire politique'' 2/ 2009 (n° 12), pp. 118–131. Retrieved from Cairn.info 21 January 2015〕〔(Biographie ) Based on ''Biographie extraite du dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1889 à 1940'' (Jean Jolly) and ''Biographie extraite du dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1940 à 1958''. Retrieved from Assemblée Nationale 21 January 2015〕
Family circumstances, including the death of his mother, kept him from seeking higher education in France, but in 1915 he was mobilized by the French military. After initial training in Bordeaux he was sent to the Dardanelles and the Macedonian Front.〔 From September to November 1917, he was back in Guadeloupe, but returned to France and was stationed in Meuse. In May 1918 his division entered the zone around Château-Thierry. During a heavy German attack on 30 May, Bloncourt was hit by a machine gun bullet which destroyed both his eyeballs and left him permanently blinded.〔 He was taken prisoner by the Germans and sent to a camp in Parchim in Mecklenburg.〔
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